Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD), also called as familial benign chronic pemphigus, is a rare autosomal dominant blistering skin disease with waxing and waning in its clinical course. It is characterized by the presence of flaccid vesiculo-pustules, crusted erosions or expanding plaques in the areas of friction such as neck, axilla, groins, and perineum. Histopathologically shows suprabasal separations, inconspicuous dyskeratosis, acantholytic cells within the epidermis, giving a dilapidated brick wall appearance. Here we have discussed about the clinical and histopathological features of HHD and various differential diagnosis for this disease

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a progressive neurological disorder of childhood and early adolescence, caused by persistent defective measles virus. A 10 ½ yearold male child with h/o having normal milestones till the age of 15 months had an episode of measles for which child was hospitalized. After one year he showed gradual deterioration of already attained milestones but continued regression of milestones noticed, presented to the department at 10½ years with h/o not getting up from the bed. Patients usually have behavioural changes, myoclonus, dementia, visual disturbances, and pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs and can cause death within 1-3 years of presentations. The diagnosis is based upon characteristic clinical manifestations, the presence of characteristic periodic EEG discharges, and demonstration of raised antibody titre against measles in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment for SSPE is being researched. A combination of oral Isoprinosine and intraventricular interferon alfa appears to be the best effective treatment. Patients responding to treatment need to receive it lifelong. At present effective measles vaccination is the only solution to SSPE.

The advents in technology through continuous innovations have supported to improve the quality of the human life in the society. One of the innovation due to the invention of ICT based online/mobile high-speed internet is e-business which allowed the development of online shopping/purchase of both intangible and tangible commodities online. The major advantage and benefit of this online model is its ubiquity, convenience, and low cost to the customer. The online shopping/purchase model is now becoming popular especially among youngsters. One variation of this e-purchase model is online pharmacy model where a consumer can purchase the prescribed drug online to take some of the advantages of this model. In this paper, we have studied the customer’s attitude, views, and concern on this new channel of drug distribution using the data collected by online questionnaire from the general population. The data obtained from this survey is analysed, assessed and interpreted. Based on information collected and focused group study, the online pharmacy model is analysed using ABCD analysis framework. The various issues related to online pharmacy, affecting factors are studies under ABCD constructs using ABCD listing methodology. Based on the outcome of the study, many recommendations are suggested for developing proper controlling mechanism/regulations for drug control authorities of the country to avoid misuse of the online channel for the drug purchase.

New drug research is considered as a very important research area and probably found more investments of resources and time during the last few centuries. Drug research also contributed to the progress of medical sciences substantially and improving characteristics of drugs in terms of various predicted properties is continued as a challenge and agenda of these researches. Though the objective of drug research is continuous improvements of existing drugs in terms of their curing ability and to discover new drugs which have substantial improved abilities to cure many existing and new diseases, the final goal of drug research is directed to identifying one drug which has the ability to cure all diseases. Such drug system which can cure any diseases instantaneously is called ideal drug or ideal medicine. Based on the exact property expectations from a drug system as a medicine to cure all diseases is still unknown and a systematic study on the goal of ideal drug discovery is yet to be established. In this paper, we have made an attempt to identify the characteristics of an ideal drug which can cure all diseases in the universe. Further, we discussed the challenges and opportunities to realize such an ideal drug which can cure all the diseases. We also analysed the possibility of using nanotechnology which is emerging as universal technology to realize the possibility of developing ideal drug in practice. The advantages, benefits, constraints, and disadvantages of using nanotechnology in drug research with the goal of improving them towards an ideal drug system are also listed. Finally, the comparison is made between conventional drugs and nanotechnology based drugs in terms of Ideal System Characteristics.This paper is on futuristic research along with new knowledge creation and analysis based new interpretation of nanotechnology in medicinal drugs

New drug research is considered as a very important research area and probably found more investments of resources and time during the last few centuries. Drug research also contributed to the progress of medical sciences substantially and improving characteristics of drugs in terms of various predicted properties is continued as a challenge and agenda of these researches. Though the objective of drug research is continuous improvements of existing drugs in terms of their curing ability and to discover new drugs which have substantial improved abilities to cure many existing and new diseases, the final goal of drug research is directed to identifying one drug which has the ability to cure all diseases. Such drug system which can cure any diseases instantaneously is called ideal drug or ideal medicine. Based on the exact property expectations from a drug system as a medicine to cure all diseases is still unknown and a systematic study on the goal of ideal drug discovery is yet to be established. In this paper, we have made an attempt to identify the characteristics of an ideal drug which can cure all diseases in the universe. Further, we discussed the challenges and opportunities to realize such an ideal drug which can cure all the diseases. We also analysed the possibility of using nanotechnology which is emerging as universal technology to realize the possibility of developing ideal drug in practice. The advantages, benefits, constraints, and disadvantages of using nanotechnology in drug research with the goal of improving them towards an ideal drug system are also listed. Finally, the comparison is made between conventional drugs and nanotechnology based drugs in terms of Ideal System Characteristics.This paper is on futuristic research along with new knowledge creation and analysis based new interpretation of nanotechnology in medicinal drugs

Pediatric respiratory diseases are accountable for significant mortality and morbidity in smaller age groups. Out of the various pulmonary functions tests available, spirometry is considered to as an easier and useful tool in the diagnosis and monitoring of various pediatric respiratory diseases. This conceptual review on spirometry briefs the utility of spirometry in the pediatric population and the importance of addressing it’s under-utility in the medical fraternity.

A simple, convenient analytical methods were developed for the estimation of Fluoxetine HCl (FLU) and Lamivudine (LAM) in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method for Fluoxetine HCl is based on the reaction between FLU and crystal violet in presence of Chloramine T and Sulphuric Acid. The blue coloured complex obeyed the Beer-Lamberts law in the concentration range of 0-2.5µg/ml at ?-max 603nm. The correlation coefficient was found to be 0.9991. This method was validated for linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, precision, LOD, LOQ and robustness.In the case of Lamivudine (LAM) the colour reaction is based on reaction involving the formation of greenish blue complex between Lamivudine and malachite green in the presence of Chloromine T (CT) and sulphuric acid. It obeys the BeerLamberts law in the concentration range of 0.3-2.7 µg/ml at ?-max of 623nm. The correlation coefficient was found to be 0.9997. The method was validated for linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, precision, LOD, LOQ and robustness

Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) is a rare congenital musculoskeletal disorder characterised by unilateral shortening of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. It presents in newborn infants or young children with a reported incidence ranging from 0.3% to 2%. The Matrix concept was developed by Dr. Ulrich Randoll at the University of Erlangen Germany. According to this concept, life is a rhythmic movement. Diseases are disturbances until total stop. Basic therapy must be re-adaptation of rhythms on levels of cell biological regulation. This article reports a case of a 4months old female child successfully managed by Matrix Rhythm Therapy as a major part of physiotherapy for left side congenital muscular torticollis.The purpose of the case report is to find the efficacy of Matrix Rhythm Therapy on the neck movement and head alignment of a child with left side congenital muscular torticollis. Intervention included MRT,AROM, assisted movements in the neck region. Changes in the amounts of lateral head till were documented using still photography. The result of the study showed that child assumed a midline head posture in sitting position by the fifth session of therapeutic intervention (nine days).

Dissociative dysphonia is less commonly seen in general population. Previous literature has focussed on interplay of dysphonia mainly in schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. Here we discuss a unique case of delusional disorder with dissociative dysphonia. The challenges in the evaluation and management are discussed.

Dysphonia plica ventricularis(DPV) is a type of functional dysphonia(FD) which can be caused by several reasons. DPV-emotional type is seen secondary to emotional crisis which is equivalent to psychogenic/dissociative dysphonia. Here we describe a case of DPV secondary to emotional dysregulation with an underlying emotionally unstable personality disorder. Crisis intervention and emphasis on regular compliance to treatment has been discussed.

Metabolic Syndrome in adolescent in India is of recent origin due to the better socioeconomic conditions and the growing obesity epidemic. An 11 year old female child presented with features of Metabolic Syndrome and Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Child was treated with antihypertensive medication and put on dietary and exercise regimen. Child was given counselling for the Oppositional Defiant Disorder after being evaluated by Psychiatrist.

A child of 2.5 years old had an intractable seizure, clinically had megalencephaly and mental retardation. On evaluation, video EEG showed fronto-central seizures and dysfunction R 1, scalp EEG showed bilateral paroxysmal bursts, MRI brain showed prominent vascular spaces in the hemisphere, GE reflux scan showed GERD. Other investigations were within normal limits. The child was treated with antiepileptics and antireflux measures and also rehabilitation.

UTI is initiated and caused by a number of factors, an understanding of the causation helps to Diagnose and treat it adequately. Organisms and host factors responsible for the occurrence and pathogenesis, are crucial in the diagnosis and treatment to prevent serious sequelae. Ecoli is a main organism causing UTI